HerculaneuminPictures

Herculaneum III.19. Main entrance to atrium of Casa dell’Albergo, linked to III.1, 2 and 18.

Excavated between 1928-29.

 

Part 1      Part 2      Part 3      III.1.2.18.19 plan

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum. October 2012. 
Doorway to a room on east side of unnumbered room, with corridor on the right, leading to apodyterium of baths area. 
Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum. October 2012.

Doorway to a room on east side of unnumbered room, with corridor on the right, leading to apodyterium of baths area.

Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006. 
Doorway to a room on east side of unnumbered room, with corridor on the right, leading to Room 3, apodyterium of baths area. 
According to Pesando and Guidobaldi, this is the only unique example of a private baths so far excavated in Herculaneum.
See Pesando, F. and Guidobaldi, M.P. (2006). Pompei, Oplontis, Ercolano, Stabiae. Editori Laterza, (p.319)

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006.

Doorway to a room on east side of unnumbered room, with corridor on the right, leading to Room 3, apodyterium of baths area.

According to Pesando and Guidobaldi, this is the only unique example of a private baths so far excavated in Herculaneum.

See Pesando, F. and Guidobaldi, M.P. (2006). Pompei, Oplontis, Ercolano, Stabiae. Editori Laterza, (p.319)

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum. October 2012. 
Corridor leading to north side of Room 3, apodyterium, or waiting room. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum. October 2012.

Corridor leading to north side of Room 3, apodyterium, or waiting room. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Room 3, Apodyterium

 

Il sistema decorativo è impostato su una sequenza di ortostati verdi riquadrati da bande chiare, incorniciati da un bordo rosso e con specchiatura interna delimitata da un sottile filetto bianco; all’interno della banda si dispiega un motivo vegetale a rosette rosse di raffinata esecuzione. la zona mediana è conclusa superiormente da un’elegante cornice ad ovoli verde chiaro, sormontata da un fregio con bugne verdi e azzurre allineate di testa e di taglio, bordate di rosso e con filetto bianco all’interno a suggerirne il rilievo. Al di sopra di questa fila di blocchi corre una mensola in prospettiva, con sostegni ad ʻSʼ intervallati da rosette rosse e poggianti su un listello ornato. I sostegni sono decorati da ali, probabilmente una semplificazione di un analogo elemento configurato. La zona sommitale, di cui si conserva solo una porzione nella parete est, presenta un paramento di blocchi verdi a rilievo che inquadrano una grande bugna centrale a fondo azzurro con delicati girali vegetali tracciati in rosso vinaccia. Nulla o quasi resta dello zoccolo a fondo rosso, di cui si conserva solo un lacerto molto dilavato nella parete est; sulla base delle linee ancora osservabili e dell’analisi metrologica effettuata proponiamo di ricostruirlo scandito da una sequenza di riquadri, in linea con altre attestazioni vesuviane. 8

 

A esemplificazione dello schema decorativo di questo ambiente, presentiamo la ricomposizione grafica della parete nord (fig. 2a), integrata nelle zone superiore e inferiore sulla base di quanto osservabile nelle altre pareti o ricostruibile con un buon grado di certezza, come lo zoccolo e il motivo decorativo a girali vegetali della bugna centrale della zona superiore. Dal rilievo è possibile inoltre apprezzare l’accurata progettazione rispetto alla strutturazione dell’ambiente, come mostrano la scansione dello zoccolo e della parte mediana e la costruzione prospettica convergente sul punto di fuga centrale costituito dall’oculus. Tra gli elementi decorativi spiccano alcuni motivi architettonici tipici del Secondo Stile, come gli esili reggimensola ad ʻSʼ, più stilizzati rispetto ad altri esempi vesuviani,9 o la cornice ad ovuli, che trova confronto in frammenti rinvenuti sul Palatino ascrivibili ad un orizzonte cronologico più antico (Secondo stile iniziale).1 Qui come nelle altre pareti la lumeggiatura degli ovuli indica una fonte di luce immaginaria da destra, dunque non coerente con la fonte di illuminazione naturale proveniente dall’oculus della parete nord.

 

 

The decorative system is set on a sequence of green orthostats framed by light bands, framed by a red border and with internal mirroring bordered by a thin white line; inside the band unfolds a plant motif with red rosettes of refined execution. the median area ends at the top with an elegant frame with light green ovules, surmounted by a frieze with green and blue bosses aligned at the head and cut, edged in red and with white fillet on the inside to suggest the relief. Above this row of blocks runs a shelf in perspective, with ʻSʼ supports interspersed with red rosettes and resting on an ornate strip. The supports are decorated with wings, probably a simplification of a similar configured element. The summit area, of which only a portion is preserved in the east wall, has a face of green blocks in relief that frame a large central ashlar with a blue background with delicate vegetable swirls traced in red wine. Nothing or almost nothing remains of the base with a red background, of which only a very washed-out fragment remains on the east wall; on the basis of the still observable lines and the metrological analysis carried out, we propose to reconstruct it marked by a sequence of boxes, in line with other Vesuvian attestations. 8

 

As an example of the decorative scheme of this environment, we present the graphic recomposition of the north wall (fig.2a), integrated in the upper and lower areas on the basis of what can be observed in the other walls or reconstructed with a good degree of certainty, such as the plinth and the decorative motif with vegetal spirals of the central panel of the upper area. From the survey it is also possible to appreciate the careful design with respect to the structuring of the environment, as shown by the scanning of the plinth and the median part and the perspective construction converging on the central vanishing point constituted by the oculus. Among the decorative elements, some architectural motifs typical of the Second Style stand out, such as the slender ʻSʼ shelf brackets, more stylized than other Vesuvian examples, 9 or the oval frame, which finds comparison in fragments found on the Palatine Hill attributable to an older chronological horizon (Second initial style) .1 Here, as in the other walls, the highlighting of the ovules indicates an imaginary source of light from the right, therefore not consistent with the source of natural lighting coming from the oculus of the north wall.

 

See Riccardo Helg & Angelalea Malgieri & Chiara Pascucci, 2013. Le pitture del settore termale della Casa dell'Albergo a Ercolano: osservazioni preliminari in

Context and Meaning: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference of the Association Internationale pour la Peinture Murale Antique, Athens, September 16-20, 2013, Leuven: Peeters, 2017, p. 277-282.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum. October 2012. 
Room 3, looking south across apodyterium or waiting room, from corridor. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum. October 2012.

Room 3, looking south across apodyterium or waiting room, from corridor. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

III.19/18/1 Herculaneum, October 2014. Room 3, looking towards north wall of apodyterium. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

III.19/18/1 Herculaneum, October 2014. Room 3, looking towards north wall of apodyterium. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, August 2013. 
Room 3, looking towards north wall of apodyterium, or dressing or waiting room on north side of atrium. Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, August 2013.

Room 3, looking towards north wall of apodyterium, or dressing or waiting room on north side of atrium. Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006. 
Room 3, looking towards north wall of apodyterium, or dressing or waiting room on north side of atrium.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006.

Room 3, looking towards north wall of apodyterium, or dressing or waiting room on north side of atrium.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, August 2013. 
Detail from north wall of room 3, apodyterium or dressing or waiting room. Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, August 2013.

Detail from north wall of room 3, apodyterium or dressing or waiting room. Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006. Room 3, mosaic floor in apodyterium of baths area.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006. Room 3, mosaic floor in apodyterium of baths area.

 

III.19/18/1 Herculaneum, October 2012. Room 3, looking towards north-east corner and east wall. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

III.19/18/1 Herculaneum, October 2012. Room 3, looking towards north-east corner and east wall. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

III.19/18/1 Herculaneum, October 2014. Room 3, looking towards north-east corner and east wall. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

III.19/18/1 Herculaneum, October 2014. Room 3, looking towards north-east corner and east wall. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006. Room 3, north-east corner of apodyterium, with doorway to corridor.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006. Room 3, north-east corner of apodyterium, with doorway to corridor.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, August 2013. 
Detail of north-east corner of apodyterium 3 or dressing or waiting room. Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, August 2013.

Detail of north-east corner of apodyterium 3 or dressing or waiting room. Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

 

III.19/18/1 Herculaneum, October 2014. 
Room 3, looking towards north-west corner and west wall. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

III.19/18/1 Herculaneum, October 2014.

Room 3, looking towards north-west corner and west wall. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006. Room 3, north wall, the arched doorway on the left leads into the tepidarium.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006. Room 3, north wall, the arched doorway on the left leads into the tepidarium.

 

 III.19/18/1 Herculaneum, October 2014. 
Room 4, looking north across flooring of tepidarium, with arched doorway to apodyterium 3, on right. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

III.19/18/1 Herculaneum, October 2014.

Room 4, looking north across flooring of tepidarium, with arched doorway to apodyterium 3, on right. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Room 4, tepidarium

 

La decorazione del secondo ambiente dell’impianto termale si fonda su una gamma cromatica più varia, vivacizzata dal contrasto tra ortostati rosso cupo e a fondo chiaro. Come nell’ambiente precedente la parete è tripartita in senso verticale mentre la scansione orizzontale presenta ritmi diversi determinati dall’alternanza degli ortostati. La zona superiore, conservata integralmente solo sulla parete est, si caratterizza per la presenza di due grandi bugne a fondo chiaro, su cui sono raffigurati eleganti fiori di loto alternati a volatili, inquadrate da una serie di bugne policrome. Una cornice dipinta a kyma stilizzato reso con sottili tratti rossi su fondo bianco separa l’elegante decorazione della parte sommitale da un fregio continuo a fondo azzurro decorato da un raffinato motivo vegetale schematico a rosette alternate a fiori di loto e, al di sotto, da un filare di bugne rosso scuro, bordate di verde.

 

La zona mediana, delimitata superiormente da una cornice con motivi a semicerchi tangenti, presenta una sequenza di ortostati rosso cupo, inquadrati da bande rosso chiaro e con specchiature rese da un filetto bianco, alternati ad altri più stretti a fondo quasi bianco, bordati di azzurro e rosso e arricchiti al centro da preziosi motivi vegetali nei toni delicati del verde e dell’azzurro. Più problematico è il caso della parete sud, in cui la sequenza decorativa è diversa e si caratterizza per l’assenza di un elemento di divisione intermedio, probabilmente omesso per la presenza una finestra che, sebbene di foggia e dimensioni diverse rispetto a quella attuale, non consentiva l’intero sviluppo del motivo decorativo vegetale.

 

La scansione decorativa della parte inferiore della parete, conservata solo per un breve tratto, è ricostruibile unicamente nell’alternanza cromatica giocata sul contrasto tra il giallo della predella e il rosso cupo dello zoccolo e delle altre bande di ripartizione verticale.

 

Nel procedimento di ricostruzione grafica, particolarmente utile si è rivelata l’integrazione policroma della parete est (fig. 2b), che restituisce la percezione cromatica di un ambiente elegante in cui si riscontrano, oltre a specificità locali, elementi ornamentali desunti dal repertorio della Villa della Farnesina a Roma, come già osservato. 11 L’esecuzione di rilievi a contatto della superficie pittorica ha consentito di integrare la sequenza dei tre diversi motivi decorativi vegetali che decoravano gli ortostati a fondo bianco.

 

Dal punto di vista stilistico e compositivo, il raffinato decorativismo che appiattisce i volumi dei dettagli architettonici e naturalistici in delicati grafismi e astratte geometrizzazioni trova riscontro nei rari esempi di Secondo Stile finale di area vesuviana, ad esempio nelle cornici e nei fregi floreali nella Casa di Obellius Firmus (IX 14, 4, oecus 3), o negli esuberanti candelabri vegetali rinvenuti in un edificio suburbano nei pressi di Portici (MANN, inv. nn. 9762, 9864).

 

 

The decoration of the second room of the spa is based on a more varied color range, enlivened by the contrast between dark red and light background orthostats. As in the previous environment, the wall is tripartite vertically while the horizontal scan presents different rhythms determined by the alternation of orthostats. The upper area, fully preserved only on the east wall, is characterized by the presence of two large ashlars with a light background, on which elegant lotus flowers alternating with birds are depicted, framed by a series of polychrome bosses. A frame painted in stylized kyma rendered with thin red strokes on a white background separates the elegant decoration of the top part from a continuous frieze on a blue background decorated with a refined schematic vegetal motif of rosettes alternating with lotus flowers and, below, from a row of dark red ashlars, edged with green.

 

The median area, delimited at the top by a frame with tangent semicircle motifs, presents a sequence of dark red orthostats, framed by light red bands and with mirrors rendered by a white fillet, alternating with other narrower ones with an almost white background, edged in blue and red and enriched in the center by precious plant motifs in delicate shades of green and blue. More problematic is the case of the south wall, in which the decorative sequence is different and is characterized by the absence of an intermediate dividing element, probably omitted due to the presence of a window which, although of different shape and size than the current one, it did not allow the entire development of the vegetal decorative motif.

 

The decorative scan of the lower part of the wall, preserved only for a short distance, can only be reconstructed in the chromatic alternation played on the contrast between the yellow of the predella and the dark red of the plinth and of the other vertical distribution bands.

 

In the process of graphic reconstruction, the polychrome integration of the east wall proved to be particularly useful (fig.2b), which returns the chromatic perception of an elegant environment in which, in addition to local specificities, there are ornamental elements taken from the repertoire of the Villa of the Farnesina in Rome, as already noted. 11 The execution of reliefs in contact with the pictorial surface made it possible to integrate the sequence of the three different decorative plant motifs that decorated the orthostats with a white background.

 

From a stylistic and compositional point of view, the refined decorativism that flattens the volumes of the architectural and naturalistic details into delicate graphics and abstract geometries is reflected in the rare examples of the final Second Style of the Vesuvian area, for example in the frames and floral friezes in the Casa di Obellius Firmus (IX 14, 4, oecus 3), or in the exuberant plant candelabra found in a suburban building near Portici (MANN, inv. Nos. 9762, 9864).

 

See Riccardo Helg & Angelalea Malgieri & Chiara Pascucci, 2013. Le pitture del settore termale della Casa dell'Albergo a Ercolano: osservazioni preliminari in

Context and Meaning: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference of the Association Internationale pour la Peinture Murale Antique, Athens, September 16-20, 2013, Leuven: Peeters, 2017, p. 277-282.

 

III.19/18/1 Herculaneum, October 2014. 
Room 4, north-east corner of tepidarium, with arched doorway to apodyterium 3. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

III.19/18/1 Herculaneum, October 2014.

Room 4, north-east corner of tepidarium, with arched doorway to apodyterium 3. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, August 2013. 
Room 4, north-east corner of tepidarium, with arched doorway to apodyterium 3. Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, August 2013.

Room 4, north-east corner of tepidarium, with arched doorway to apodyterium 3. Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum. October 2012.
Room 4, east wall of tepidarium, with arched doorway to apodyterium in north-east corner. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum. October 2012.

Room 4, east wall of tepidarium, with arched doorway to apodyterium in north-east corner. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006. Room 4, east wall of tepidarium, with arched doorway to apodyterium in north-east corner.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006. Room 4, east wall of tepidarium, with arched doorway to apodyterium in north-east corner.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006. Room 4, north wall of tepidarium.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006. Room 4, north wall of tepidarium.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006. Room 4, west wall of tepidarium, with doorway to caldarium 5.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006. Room 4, west wall of tepidarium, with doorway to caldarium 5.

 

Room 5, caldarium

 

Molto più lacunosa è la decorazione dell’ambiente (14), di cui resta solo un frammento dello zoccolo a finto marmo e parte della zona superiore della parete est. Quest’ultima è ricostruibile come una sequenza di cinque ortostati, due a fondo rosa alle estremità, due rossi intermedi e uno azzurro al centro, delimitati sopra e sotto da bande di colore chiaro e alternati a stretti pannelli vinaccia su cui spiccano esili candelabri con stelo avvolto da nastro e piede a volute vegetali (fig. 3). Della zona mediana rimangono una banda di separazione a fondo chiaro e una piccola porzione molto deteriorata di un fregio a fondo verde con motivi vegetali stilizzati simili a quelli del tepidarium.

 

Di particolare interesse per la ricostruzione delle modalità esecutive sono le linee che si intravvedono al centro di alcuni ortostati. Interpretate come un incrocio di linee che formavano un motivo decorativo a stella,12 sono da ritenersi, al contrario, linee guida preliminari, tracciate sullo strato di preparazione e oggi visibili nei punti di maggiore erosione della pellicola pittorica. Funzionali a guidare il posizionamento delle specchiature interne servivano inoltre a collocare un elemento centrale, forse una borchia, identificabile per la presenza di segni di compasso riconoscibili al centro del secondo ortostato da sinistra.13

 

 

Much more incomplete is the decoration of the room (14), of which only a fragment of the faux marble plinth and part of the upper area of ​​the east wall remains. The latter can be reconstructed as a sequence of five orthostats, two with a pink background at the ends, two intermediate reds and one blue in the center, delimited above and below by light-colored bands and alternating with narrow burgundy panels on which slender candelabra with stems stand out. wrapped in ribbon and foot with vegetable volutes (fig. 3). From the median area there remain a separation band with a light background and a small, very deteriorated portion of a frieze with a green background with stylized plant motifs similar to those of the tepidarium.

 

Of particular interest for the reconstruction of the executive methods are the lines that can be glimpsed at the center of some orthostats. Interpreted as a crossing of lines that formed a decorative star motif, 12 are to be considered, on the contrary, preliminary guidelines, drawn on the preparation layer and today visible in the points of greatest erosion of the pictorial film. Functional to guide the positioning of the internal mirrors, they also served to place a central element, perhaps a boss, identifiable by the presence of recognizable compass marks in the center of the second orthostat from the left. 13

 

See Riccardo Helg & Angelalea Malgieri & Chiara Pascucci, 2013. Le pitture del settore termale della Casa dell'Albergo a Ercolano: osservazioni preliminari in

Context and Meaning: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference of the Association Internationale pour la Peinture Murale Antique, Athens, September 16-20, 2013, Leuven: Peeters, 2017, p. 277-282.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum. 2013 photogrammetry survey of east wall of room 5, the caldarium.
According to Helg, Malgieri, and Pascucci:
Much more incomplete is the decoration of this room, of which only a fragment of the faux marble plinth and part of the upper area of the east wall remains.
See Helg R., Malgieri A., and Pascucci C., 2013. Le pitture del settore termale della Casa dell’Albergo a Ercolano: osservazioni preliminari, in Context and Meaning (Conference proceedings), 2013, p. 280-1, fig. 3.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum. 2013 photogrammetry survey of east wall of room 5, the caldarium.

According to Helg, Malgieri, and Pascucci:

Much more incomplete is the decoration of this room, of which only a fragment of the faux marble plinth and part of the upper area of ​​the east wall remains.

See Helg R., Malgieri A., and Pascucci C., 2013. Le pitture del settore termale della Casa dell’Albergo a Ercolano: osservazioni preliminari, in Context and Meaning (Conference proceedings), 2013, p. 280-1, fig. 3.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006. Looking west towards Peristyle 31, across room 2, atrium, with the Baths area on its north side, on right.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum, May 2006. Looking west towards Peristyle 31, across room 2, atrium, with the Baths area on its north side, on right.

 

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum. October 2012. Peristyle 31, looking north-west. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

III.19/18/1, Herculaneum. October 2012. Peristyle 31, looking north-west. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

 

Part 1      Part 2      Part 3      III.1.2.18.19 plan

 

 

 

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Ultimo aggiornamento - Last updated: 21-Nov-2023 18:08